Searching for Prometheus, chasing sunset's light, and finding peace in the remote Great Basin Snake Range.

Stella Lake at sunset under Wheeler Peak (right) and Doso Doyabi (left).
 Great Basin National Park

Mount Moriah
Other adventures in Baker's backyard include summiting Mount Moriah, in the northern Snake Range, north of Great Basin National Park. This summit includes "the table" reached just below, a worthy destination all its own.  Our plan to summit this mountain failed when we parked too far away from Big Canyon Trailhead, the highest on Moriah's western side, after a very slow (5 mph) drive up a grueling and long rocky access road, doubling our planned hiking distance.  We didn't have it in us to do it this time.  Instead, we made it to a 10,000-foot summit nearby with a register in a glass jar and some bristlecone pines.  Mount Moriah will have to be a "grudge" peak for now.  We will probably access it from an eastern trailhead.  (Trail map to summit at end of this post).

Bristlecones! ♡ is an entry in the register that prompted me to explore more of this ridgeline, and indeed I did find some bristleccone pines a few hundred yards away, sadly dead or nearly dead.  I can't help but wonder what these stalwart trees witnessed over the possibly hundreds and maybe even thousands of years of their lives.

Hike toward Mount Moriah from NF Road 469.

Bristlecone pine or Limber pine?  I think bristlecone.  Near Mount Moriah Wilderness at 10,000 feet.

From the truck:  driving back down to Spring Valley, looking at the Schell Creek Range on the other side.
Nevada, the heart of the Great Basin, is significant for its many parallel mountain ranges as a result of extension of the Earth's crust.  Note the sun shining on the light-colored silt and clay playa, an ancient lake filled during Pleistocene times.

Ward Charcoal Ovens
The Ward Charcoal Ovens State Historic Park near Ely and to the northwest of Baker features an essential process of remote silver ore mining in the American West.  It's a popular place to do night photography.  Located in the Egan Range, these ovens, or kilns, were used in the late 1800's to make charcoal, an efficient fuel used in smelters to extract the minerals from silver ore.  Normal supply lines couldn't reach these remote areas, so the kilns burned local trees to make the charcoal.  The image below was made by Mish.

Ward Charcoal Ovens State Historic Park.
photo by Mish  (Mike Shedlock) - mishmoments.com
Comment from Mish:
“I used small, thin, Lume Cubes to light the inside of the kilns. The Milky Way was taken separately at Great Basin but is in the correct spot.  The kilns are a panoramic blend of 8 overlapping images with only 4 of 6 kilns used in the final composite.”
“I like blue hour blends. That is the hour after sunset or the hour before sunrise. Working with multiple sets of images improves the ability to capture details and reduce noise. There is a period of about 20 minutes in the middle of the blue hour where ambient light and light from Lume Cubes roughly match intensity. The resultant image is a whopping 656 megabytes.”​

​Wheeler Peak Bristlecone Grove:  Prometheus - the oldest tree on Earth
Fred and I searched for Prometheus, the oldest-known non-clonal organism on Earth, estimated to be 4,900 years old when it was cut down by a researcher in 1964.  It's in the Wheeler Peak Bristlecone Grove, but we didn't find the stump.  Its scientific name - Pinus longaeva - literally means "ancient aged."

Bristlecones flourish where many species cannot, in limestone rocks and soil; this reduces their chance of burning by forest fire.
The Wheeler Peak grove is unusual in that it grows in quartzite boulders on a glacial moraine.   The top of Wheeler Peak is quartzite, a metamorphic sandstone.
​
Prometheus, in Greek mythology means "forethought";  he was a god of fire.  Actually, myth has it that Prometheus stole fire from gods and gave it to humans to advance civilization.

​The bristlecone's dramatic, jagged and twisted appearance reflects its endurance in harsh conditions.  High winds twist them, cold temperatures contribute to slow tree ring growth, creating a protective, dense wood that resists insects and rot.

These majestic trees have been around during the fall of civilizations and the creation of America, survived through catastrophic volcanism.

Two other bristlecone groves in Great Basin State Park are the Mount Washington and Eagle Peak groves.

Our Photo Expedition
The challenge Mish and I had on this day was to find the right light conditions for photographing these bristlecones and then make sure we got to Stella Lake in time for optimal sunset shots.  Lucky for us, the wind blew away smoke from wildfires, storm clouds came in to reveal perfect illumination for photography.  

After photographing the bristlecones in late afternoon, we took the long way to Stella Lake afterwards risking missing optimal sunset light on the lake.  We realized afterward that there's a quicker way to get to Stella Lake from Teresa Lake, next to the bristlecone grove.  We set up our tripods and began shooting just in time as the light grew more and more intense on Wheeler and Doso Doyabi and in the lake's reflection.  The clouds were perfect!

One of the extraordinary things about photographing nature is the few magic seconds when you capture a scene not usually witnessed by humans.  The fast-changing light of a sunset makes you realize how quickly time passes.  Mountains stay the same for eons and a bristlecone pine would barely change during our lifetimes, but light can change quickly.  After all, it's the various degrees of light we are capturing with our cameras, as "photograph" means "writing with light."

Bristlecones from Wheeler Peak Grove and Forest Road 469 en route to Mount Moriah's Big Canyon Trailhead.

Identifying features of a bristlecone pine:  one-inch-long needles in packets of five that grow in tufts, and cones with scales that are tipped with a claw-like bristle.

Bristlecones under Wheeler Peak

Stella Lake with Doso Doyabi illuminated above.
The name comes from Shoshone language meaning "white peak."

FUN-ky Baker

Baker, Nevada scenes on a very smoky day due to distant wildfires.  The smoke actually made good lighting conditions for photography but bad conditions for breathing!

"Museum of the Future Coming Soon" on an old cabin with photos below:  something to look forward to ;)

Abandoned cabin in "downtown" Baker.

Topo map of hike (yellow) from Big Canyon Trailhead to Mount Moriah summit.

References
Britannica Website - "Prometheus."
​National Park Service - Great Basin National Park - Bristlecone Pines

Moapa Peak, included on the Sierra Club Desert Peaks Section list is a distinguished, stand-alone hulk of narrow limestone noticeable on the north side of  I-15 north of Las Vegas.  It's a classic desert peak, well-fortified by a series of almost vertical ramparts at its base.  It's one of the more memorable and exposed hikes I've done.   Trip reports reveal hikers who have summited, as well as those who reportedly turned around when they saw the final exposed "knife-edge" ridge to gain the last 160'.  After skirting around the south cliff face, the route wraps briefly to the north at a saddle, where the Class 3 climbing up the final ridge begins.  Although the narrow ridge proved too daunting for Fred and I, the hike was worthwhile because the steep drop-offs give the slight feeling that a few missteps may plunge you into the chasms and canyons below.  We found the "trail" mostly stable and easy to follow.  The views of the ribs of dark and sharp mountain ranges rising from flat and buff-colored desert washes are spectacular.
​
Occasional fossils appear in this Paleozoic limestone (see photos below).   I'm not sure what they are, so if someone knows, please contact me!  One of them looks like fish, another looks like petrified wood.

Harder than Mt. Katahdin's knife edge?
​Maine's Mt. Katahdin, it's highest, has a famous "knife's edge" traverse to the summit.  Fred and I summited Katahdin when we lived in New England and felt it wasn't too scary.  Reports say that it narrows to four feet of width in a few places.  I think Moapa Peak, which reportedly narrows to one foot, is more intimidating. 

Side note:  Mt. Katahdin is the northern terminus for the Appalachian Trail.  While we were on the summit, we saw a hiker who had just completed the entire trail arrive at the famous terminus sign.  I'll never forget the look on his face!  Some of his family was there to greet him.​

I would avoid doing this hike in the summer months.  I know from experience, since we roasted on this hike last summer and turned around at the saddle because of the heat and intense sun.   

This is a unique hike that not many get to experience.   This beautiful mountain won't make it easy for you to gain its summit, or even get to its approach ridge.  The Nevada desert is stark and hard and the limestone unforgiving.  And, the only flat spot is found briefly on the saddle above the approach drainage.   Fred and I are lucky to be able to explore this exquisite part of the southwest.  Now when we see Moapa from I-15, we can see how high we got on that very vertical mountain.

References:
Indian Names in Utah Geography.  From Utah Historical Quarterly Volume 1, Number 1-4, 1928 by Utah State History.

Carpenter, J.A., 1989. Structure of the southern Mormon Mountains, Clark County, Nevada and regional structural synthesis : fold-thrust and basin-range structure in southern Nevada, southwest Utah, and northwest Arizona.  Master's thesis dissertation from Oregon State University.

Open Spaces 
If you relish wide open spaces with minimal human influence, like the freedom to chart your own path to discover features that others haven't, and don't mind the occasional cactus spine jabs and rough rock-hopping, this rugged land is for you.  It's a place for open space "aficionados".  Sunflower Mountain's summit allows you to see what's going on in the Great Basin desert of Nevada:  raw, contorted, ripped and tilted geography as a result of earth's spreading and faulting.  Some say this desert land is too spare, but each plant must fight for survival, changing to adapt. This clever determination earns respect and admiration.  Many times you find unexpected things like fossils, springs and weird rocks.  I've found what looked like a miner's crucible and pottery sherds in remote deserts.  Surprise and unpredictability separate this biome from others.
​
A scene from the t.v. series Yellowstone prompted me to pull The Solace of Open Spaces by Gretel Ehrlich out of my bookcase.  In this scene, Beth, the daughter of John Dutton, the Montana ranch owner, is reading this book, wondering how to find solace.  "Solace must be discovered," her dad tells her.   Early in the book, Ehrlich states "Space has a spiritual equivalent and can heal what is divided and burdensome in us.  Space represents sanity, not a life purified dull, or "spaced out" but one that might accommodate intelligently any idea or situation."  She writes about the extreme weather and landscapes of Wyoming, and its people.   Ehrlich found solace in Wyoming after a tragic event in her life .

Some people find solace and revitalization in remote, open spaces.  Others find the same in the hubbub of big cities.  Is it an acquired preference that grows out of an appreciation for open spaces after you spend some time in them?  Or are some people more naturally attracted to them?  At any rate, the American West is rich with opportunities for solitude, solace, freedom, discovery.  The list goes on....

This short hike to the fifth most prominent peak in Nevada rewards you with solitude and a dramatic view of Wheeler Peak and eastern Great Basin mountain ranges and valleys. 

Approaching Schell Creek Range summit ridge just under North Schell Peak.

Our GPS tracks for 6.2 miles out and back to North Schell Peak.

Nevada is a remarkable state for many reasons - Las Vegas is the "Entertainment Capital of the World", and Elko sponsors the National Cowboy Poetry Gathering.  It also contains the most mountains of any state, most arranged in long parallel north/south trending ranges, with low valleys in between.  The forces that made the earth spread starting 50 million years ago produced normal faults that formed horsts and grabens, making parallel valleys and raising mountains so we can hike them today.  This spreading and faulting has doubled the width of Nevada in those millions of years.

Our Hike
​After an early morning drive from Ely to the south, we passed a few primitive campgrounds along the good forest road whose end is the trailhead and a brown kiosk signboard.  Start walking on the road after parking.  It turns north (left) into a discernible path that ascends an aspen-forested valley and stays near the stream, crossing it a few times.  The aspen forest opens to the head of this creek and North Schell's western talus/grass slopes.  The trail, not marked is easy to follow.  Once we got to the head of the creek and the end of the dirt path, we took the steeper, rockier and shorter way to Schell Creek ridge, taking more of an acute right-hand turn heading east/southeast than we needed to.  When we descended, we stayed further north, following the grassy areas as much as we could just under the ridge to avoid the prolonged talus slopes (see map of our tracks, below).

The talus slope was filled with patches of abundant and robust wildflowers - mats of phlox and buckwheat.  We headed to the saddle left (north) of the dark North Schell summit and encountered freezing winds which required a slight wardrobe change into windbreakers and warmer hats (or no hats!).  A short walk on the ridge brought us to the summit block.  When we reached the summit, walking on a path through the rocks, wind was no longer a problem.  We identified Wheeler Peak in the Snake Range - the next parallel range to the southeast.  The Schell Creek range ridge south to the next high points - one of them Middle Schell Peak, looked inviting; follow it and you can walk on top of eastern Nevada for a few more miles!

The eye-catching view on the way down is that of the cirque above the headwaters of Timber Creek to the south.  Its U-shaped valley and the peaks above it look inviting.  We passed a few small snow patches in the grass/talus and then easily located the path along the creek to head back to the trailhead.

Val and John are training for Mt. Idaho, Idaho's seventh tallest peak.  Fred and I just hiked Mt. Nebo, the highest peak in Utah's Wasatch range.  Maybe we go a little bit slower than the 20-somethings, but we can get to the "top of the world" and savor it, if just for a few moments.​

"The greatest danger in life is not to take the adventure."
         -  George Mallory, took part in the first three British expeditions to Mt. Everest in the 1920's.

Never Stop Climbing Mountains!  Keep On Exploring!

Low-profile and abundant wildflower gardens - phlox and buckwheat.

Fred approaching summit.

Looking at North Schell Peak from under its saddle.

Summit celebration!

Some cool stuff on the trail.

Our GPS tracks from trailhead (south) to North Schell Peak.  The southern-most route was our ascent. The northern route was our descent; it avoided much of the continuous talus we encountered on our ascent.

References
High Schells Wilderness - Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest - 2013.  Avenza Maps.
The History of the San Andreas Fault and the Basin and Range.  Historical Geology.

A high point in one of the Basin and Range mountain ranges, Davidson Peak is a fun ridge scramble on ancient sea limestone with great views of eastern Nevada and western Arizona.  ​

A high point to one of the many parallel Great Basin mountain ranges, the horn-shaped summit of Davidson Peak with its steep west-facing cliffs rises solitary over the expansive Mojave desert as you drive on I-15 heading north from Las Vegas.  Formed during the time of shallow seas, when North America was closer to the equator, its rocks are 500 - 300 million years old and contain coral and brachiopod fossils.   This hike is a ridge ramble for the entire 2.5 miles to the summit, gaining roughly 1,000 feet per mile, and is surprisingly scenic and full of intriguing sights, like bright orange fossils and a gaping, seemingly bottomless gulch.

Our goal this year is to hike to as many high points of the Great Basin mountain ranges as we can, and Davidson is our third.  We hiked Wheeler Peak and Virgin Peak last autumn, both in the eastern-most Basin and Range region.  From Davidson's summit, we could see another target summit, Mormon Peak, the highest point in the Mormon Mountain Wilderness, northwest of Mesquite, a town on the border of Nevada and Arizona.  Nevada is the most mountainous state, so we have a lot of choices!

Another planned summit is North Schell Peak, a nearly 12,000-foot high point near Ely, Nevada.

Our Hike
The hike begins after a 12-mile drive north from I-15 that initially follows the Old Spanish Trail.  It is a good gravel road but nevertheless slow-going.  We parked on Sheep Pens Road just north of the radio towers.  A short spur road takes you to the base of Davidson's east ridge.  We walked to the end of this road and started up the ridge on the left side of a wide gulch;  a few cairns were present.   About 1/3 of the way up,  we encountered large rocks, so we skirted the left side of the ridge.

After skirting the ridge top, enter a beautiful valley/saddle with great places to take a break and enjoy very healthy Joshua trees, red barrel and prickly pear cacti.  Ahead, confront a steep climb to remain on the east ridge.  On the way up, we circumvented the actual ridge top to the right, looking down into the deep and wide gulch coming from the peak.  Davidson Peak is an easy scramble straight ahead.  However, it is not too difficult to stay on top of the ridge, requiring some use of hands for hoisting and balance, but mostly a Class 2.  The ridge to the summit is long and flat.

Summit Views
Mormon Peak is seen to the northwest, and the solitary hulk of Moapa Peak to the southwest.  The west side drops almost straight down .  We could see Virgin Peak to the southeast, an 8,000' summit we hiked last autumn, out of the Gold Butte National Monument.

On the way down, we stayed on top of the ridge all the way to the saddle, hiking over a fun, steep, smooth and relatively rockless limestone slab which elevated us high above steep drops on both sides.  We stayed for the most part on the ridge the rest of the way down and then descended through a shallow canyon to arrive at the spur road lined with yellow poppies.

The ancient Basin and Range mountain ranges rise above a stark and dusty desert; it appears as if there is not much there to discover.  But when you get into the "heart" of them, walk over their scratchy limestone and volcanic rocks, circumvent sharp yucca leaves and cactus spines, catch the sudden crimson blooms of a claret cup hedgehog, and feel the desert space you know you are in a special, unique and maybe even spiritual place.  

Making images in the photogenic northern Mojave Desert and a quick hike up Little Virgin Peak.

Related Posts:

We returned to Gold Butte National Monument, about an hour's drive from Las Vegas to explore, hike and photograph this land of meandering gravel roads leading to petroglyphs, weirdly-shaped sandstone spires, old mines, and thrusting sandstone domes.  Just a month ago, we hiked Virgin Peak summit, the highest in Gold Butte, on an enjoyable fossil-filled ridge. 

We scored a hidden campsite in Whitney Pocket perched at the end of a platform above a rocky wash on one side and a rough gravel road marked "designated route" on the other.  One night we heard an animal walk around our trailer, maybe a deer. The night sky was illuminated by the milky way as well as a weird glow from distant Las Vegas.

Gold Butte and recreational side-by-side ATV's make the perfect match.  We saw a few large "jamborees" of riders churning through sand and gravel and meeting up at the end of the day to re-fill their deflated tires.  While searching out the petroglyphs on the way to Little Finland, not one, not two, but about 15 open ATV's buzzed by us, their dust cloud giving away their whereabouts after vanishing behind a bend.  These folks are outfitted with all of the necessary off-road devices:  multiple navigational aids and emergency personal locators.  On the summit of Little Virgin Peak, we watched another caravan buzzing down the road like ants leading to Lake Mead.  This activity looks fun, but I will stick to using my legs and breathing fresh air.

The images in my hike descriptions are what I call "photography on the run", where we are moving along and I usually don't have much time to plan or compose my photos.  On this trip, however, I had the time in the mornings and evenings, sunrise and sunset, to wander around the beautiful sandstone alcoves and into washes, to take time making images.  It is a meditative exercise and a luxury.

We wanted to hike Mica Peak, but that meant another 20 miles on slow-going roads, so we saved it for another time.  There's so much to see in the American west, Nevada, and this little corner of southeast Nevada.

Aztec Sandstone at Whitney Pocket.

Buckhorn cholla at Whitney Pocket.

Detail in sandstone at Whitney Pocket
Iron oxide concretions caused by precipitation of iron in paleogroundwater through sandstone.

Barrel cactus

Joshua Tree - a Mojave Desert "indicator" species (a measure of environmental conditions in the Mojave).

Mud Wash petroglyph panel near Little Finland in Gold Butte National Monument.

Whitney Pocket sunrise.

Whitney Pocket - Aztec sandstone at sunset.

Little Finland - a platform of sandstone features eroded into strange and intricate shapes hanging above a palm oasis.

Our own "private Mojave" hidden by Aztec sandstone in Whitney Pocket - at sunrise.

Little Virgin Peak Hike

Summit and rock cairn of Little Virgin Peak; Virgin Peak (8,071') on the horizon.

Our Hike
Gold Butte Road passes by Little Virgin Peak on the way to Whitney Point.  The hike is short and sweet with great views of alluvial fans and valleys peppered with black, grey and white limestone rocks.  The Virgin Mountain range to the east cascades downward from its highest point, Virgin Mountain in a descending series of saddles and rises, its foot embedded into the creosote-filled plains.   The geology is vastly different on Virgin versus Little Virgin and the elevation, too (Virgin is 8,071' and Little Virgin is 3,514').   The Mississippian limestone on Virgin Peak's southeast ridge is younger than the schist and gneiss of Little Virgin.  To the west, the view looks across Virgin River to Mormon Mesa and other ranges beyond.

The east ridge could be hiked for more mileage.  The red barrel cacti and green cholla contrast with the chocolate and rust-colored metamorphic rocks (Proterozoic basement rocks - gneiss and schist).    We started walking from Gold Butte Road and Fisherman's Cove intersection through a wash at the base of Little Virgin and hiked up the hill to find the ridge.  Once on the ridge, it is an easy walk to the summit, following occasional ducks and cairns along the way.

The vegetation is healthy, with a few attractive cactus gardens of California barrel cacti (ferocactus) and buckhorn cholla on the ridge, as well as one of my favorite Mojave plants - creosote bush.  It is a long-lived desert survivor with a lifespan of roughly 90 years.   But the best attribute of creosote comes to life after a rain.  Water penetrates the creosote leaves' waxy coatings to produce the wonderful smell of the Mojave desert.  It was used by Native Americans to treat a variety of diseases and as an antiseptic.

If you are lucky enough to stay at Whitney Pocket in Gold Butte and want a quick adventure, you won't be disappointed with Little Virgin Peak.  Once again, as with every hike, we affirm our fortune of having the health, the legs and lungs, to get to these extraordinary places.

Creosote bush
larrea tridentata

Heading up flank of south ridge.

View of summit

Barrel cactus and buckhorn cholla, metamorphic rock.  View to the southeast of Gold Butte Road and Virgin Mountains on the left.

Small "duck" on rock at right to mark trail on ridge.

Summit of LIttle Virgin Peak, looking at Virgin Mountains.

Descending down south ridge to intersection of Gold Butte Road and Fisherman's Cove Road.  Virgin Peak highest point on ridge left horizon.

Our GPS tracks to Little Virgin Peak from intersection of Gold Butte Road and Fisherman's Cove Road.

Elevation gain and mileage profile:  1.1 mile from road to summit - 850 feet gain.

References

Gardner, L. The Vegetation of the Mojave and Colorado Deserts.
Nevada geology maps. Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology.
pitchstonewaters.com.  Creosote Bush: An Unassuming But Ancient Form of Life All Around Us

Remote ridge ramble on fossil-filled limestone northeast of Lake Mead and south of Mesquite in Nevada.  Camping the night before among the dramatic sandstone formations at Whitney Pocket in beautiful Gold Butte National Monument enhanced this experience.

Virgin Peak summit, looking north toward town of Mesquite, Nevada and Mormon Mountains on left horizon.

Virgin Peak from Interstate 15 in Nevada.

Our Hike
In our quest this year to explore "off the beaten path" areas in southwestern Utah, away from crowded national and state parks, we have seen some sublime, amazing and sometimes astonishing wilderness beyond park borders, almost always in solitude.  Last month, we explored part of the Beaver Dam Mountains.   Our adventure this month landed us on the highest summit in the Virgin Mountains, a remote "sky island", rising more than 6,000 feet above the dusty desert floor of southeastern Nevada, a little over an hour's drive from Las Vegas.  Extra work goes into figuring out approaches and routes to these less-traveled places, but I find this more meaningful and fun than hiking in well-traveled parks.  In 1993, the first time I visited Zion National Park, there were a total of 2.4 million visitors.  This year, 2021, looks like it will top 5 million visitors.  When I visited Zion in May this year, I noticed the trails were much wider and literally trampled.  On Virgin Peak's ridge, we had to focus on finding the trail, as it is not well-defined.

I wondered, as we drove on Gold Butte Road to our camping spot from the city of Mesquite, what was so special about this area to make it a National Monument and why so many cared enough to form the Friends of Gold Butte organization.  After 20 miles of driving, then suddenly coming upon Whitney Pocket, I understood why.  Large, bright orange and red sandstone domes scattered about, anchored into the green creosote and Joshua tree-covered valleys.  These large cross-bedded domes glowing orange in the setting sun are remnants of a huge desert formed 180 million years ago, and are the same rock unit as the cliff-forming Zion National Park sandstone.  In Utah, this sandstone is called Navajo;  the correlative unit of sandstone in Nevada is called Aztec.

View of Virgin Peak and its southeast ridge from Little Virgin Peak.

 Mojave desert sunset at Whitney Pocket in Gold Butte National Monument, Nevada.

You can't beat the sublime Mojave Desert sunsets.

Whitney Corral - a glimpse of past ranching.  The spring that once provided for cattle is reportedly dried up.

A thing of beauty - look at that patina!

Narrower, high clearance vehicles would be able to get up the road further than we did.

I used the waypoints from birdandhike.com and Avenza with the Arizona Strip Map loaded to make sure I was at Cowboy Campsite.  Stay on the main road.  Two spur roads take off to the right, but you want to stay left near the ridge you will be mounting.  Near the Cowboy Campsite, three miles from the corral, remnants of ranching gear appear:  old truck tires, water troughs, the metal skeleton of a chair and various other rusted relics and another old truck!  See my waypoints table below or check out birdandhike.com waypoints.

From Cowboy Campsite you turn left onto an obscure spur road ascending toward ridge through trees and shrubs that runs southwest as you climb overlooking the canyon and road you just climbed. 

Near Cowboy Campsite with view of Virgin Peak's southwest ridge to climb.  Road goes left at intersection with wash.

Second Segment:  Cowboy Campsite to Virgin Peak's southwest ridge.
We turned right (west) off the spur road at its highest point and started ascending through junipers and brush toward the ridge, eventually got above this forest and saw limestone cliffs at ridgeline.  The climb is 500 feet in ~ 0.3 miles.  We hiked to the right of the cliffs to get onto the ridge instead of hiking to the lowest point on the ridge to the left of cliffs.  We did, however, descend on our way back from the lowest point on the ridge down to Cowboy Campsite.

Ascent/descent from Cowboy Campsite and 4 WD road to Virgin Peak's southwest ridge.  Ascended right tracks, descended left tracks.  Top of map is west, ascend ridge walking west, then turn north to hike to summit.

Some Cool Stuff on the Trail
On Virgin's ridge: lots of fossils including brachiopods and corals, a small burn area probably from 2020 fire caused by lightning.  I believe the upper right plant is a Utah agave; I have never seen a flower stalk quite like that before!

Final Segment:  Ridge to Summit
​Once on the ridge, follow it 2.3 miles to the summit. The view to the west opens up; Lake Mead is seen (it looks really low) as you ascend the ridge.  The ridge heads north to the summit.  Wide at first, the ridge narrows and becomes steep to its right (east) side as you ascend.  A trail can be seen, especially as you get toward the summit.  There are numerous fossils including brachiopods and various corals.

Occasionally the light-colored summit is seen behind other "pseudo" peaks or high points on the ridge.  There are a few trails that lead downward off the ridge; try to stay on top of the ridge or slightly below it to the west. You will do a fair amount of bushwhacking through trees and cacti.  There are a few times hands are used to maneuver up/down rocks.

From the summit, the small city of Mesquite, Nevada is due north.  The yellow sand washes of Arizona's western Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument spread to the east.  Lake Mead, the largest U.S. reservoir that supplies water to 40 million people, is a small blue line to the southwest.  A good view of Pleistocene relict Douglas fir forests are seen in isolated patches just below on Virgin's northeast ridge.

The peak's register contains a few small notebooks - one from the Desert Peaks Section of the Sierra Club inside an old ammo box.  Two other groups had signed it in October.  One of the entries proclaimed, "I'll be 79 in 4 days!".  Remarkable.  I hope I will be able to write that entry into a remote peak register some day, far above the desert floor.

View of Lake Mead to the southwest at top of image.

A view of Virgin Peak ahead.

One last rise to climb before the final summit climb (just to the right of this rise).

Getting up there!  Ridge is a series of rises.

The last climb to the summit over increasingly steep and rocky terrain - just under 8,000 feet here.

Virgin Peak summit looking south:  South Virgin Peak Ridge on the left, Whitney Ridge behind it, Arizona top of image.

Tilted limestone beds to the west.

 Virgin Peak register box.

Summit register:  an official Desert Peaks Section of Sierra Club notebook.

Solitude in the Mojave Desert
One of the great American nature writing classics, The Desert:  Further Studies in Natural Appearances by John C. Van Dyke has been in continuous publication since 1901.  Through his descriptions of his travels in the deserts of California, Arizona and Mexico, Van Dyke changed the popular perception that the desert was a hostile wasteland.  The book is a bit monotonous, like Thoreau's On Walden Pond, but Van Dyke helped us to see and appreciate the remarkable beauty of deserts.  I can relate to his quote and falling in love with what I call "the desert":

"The weird solitude, the great silence, the grim desolation, are the very things with which every desert wanderer eventually falls in love. You think that strange perhaps? Well, the beauty of the ugly was sometime a paradox, but to-day people admit its truth; and the grandeur of the desolate is just as paradoxical, yet the desert gives it proof." ​

After seeing no one else on the trail, having our own private camping spot the night before, and walking through a few life zones gaining almost 4,000 feet to look over mountains and valleys, we felt as light and as "in balance" as the surrounding environment, in-tune to the rhythms of the living desert.  Each hike and each peak has its own personality, and once you understand the desert's "personality" and ways that its plants and animals survive harsh conditions, you can oftentimes relate and then be amazed.  What a great way to reset and rejuvenate and relax.  We are lucky to live in America's southwest desert in which there are many places to find abundant peace.

Never Stop Exploring Nature!

On the way down

Near point on ridge to descend to Cowboy Campsite in wash below.

Signs of autumn on the way down.

The new and the very old.

Joshua trees at Whitney Pocket.

Detail in sandstone at Whitney Pocket
Iron oxide concretions caused by precipitation of iron in paleogroundwater through sandstone 

At Whitney Pocket in Gold Butte National Monument:  Younger orange sandstone and very old limestone ridge on each side of a cholla and joshua tree-filled valley.

Our GPS tracks and profile.  Top of the map is north.

References
The Geology of Gold Butte National Monument - a thumbnail sketch.  Friends of Gold Butte.org.
Geologic Formations of Utah.  Navajo Sandstone.  UtahGeology.com.
​Recreation visits by month, Zion NP.  nps.gov.
Hiking around Las Vegas and Gold Butte National Monument.  birdandhike.com
​Lake Mead Drops to a Record Low.  NASA Earth Observatory.
​Stringfellow, J.  2015.  John C. Van Dyke and the Desert Wasteland.  mojaveproject.org.
​Whitney Pocket.  The American Southwest.

Overview
Long before our turn-off to Ely from northbound Nevada Highway 93, we saw the point in the sky that we would be standing  on the following day - the summit of the giant and majestic Wheeler Peak in eastern Nevada.  Definitely worth a grin and a "wow" from two people who love to get to high places!  Wheeler is the second-highest Nevada peak.  Boundary Peak, close to the California border, is Nevada's highest.  Stately Wheeler Peak stands with authority over lesser peaks of the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest, surrounded by miles of sagebrush in what is known as the Great Basin.

We met our friends Val and John for the hike.  All four of us had been on our share of immense loose and trail-less talus slopes this past summer while climbing some of Idaho's highest peaks in the Lost River Range (Leatherman Peak), so we were grateful for Wheeler's stable and well-defined trail to the summit.   Yes, it is steep and rocky, but not intimidating.  The forest thins at about 2 miles into the hike, and views of jagged Doso Doyabi ("white mountain" in Shoshone language), to the left (east) of Wheeler are spectacular.   Steep, huge rock slopes cascade down from these high points, and at various times of the day they are hidden in shadows.  The Wheeler Peak glacier sits protected in a cirque at 11,500 feet.  It's pretty small (2 acres), and the only glacier in Nevada.

Some of the fiercest winds I have ever encountered were on the ridge leading to the final steep ascent at about 2.5 miles into the hike, when Fred and I hiked this summit 18 years ago.  This time the wind speed wasn't blowing us over, but it still had us holding onto our hats.  In contrast, at the top an intermittent breeze wafted in and out of our summit celebration.

As the trail emerges from the glacial valley, it climbs through quartzite, a metamorphic sandstone that tends to form resistant ridges and hilltops.  A few rock shelters line the trail as it traverses Wheeler's northwest exposed ridge, built by hikers for wind protection.  It's pretty darn windy on this section, so we had to shout in order to hear each other.  No lightning worries - there wasn't a cloud in the sky.  There were some shelters that appeared to be a bit larger, very level and well-constructed.  These may have been the tent platforms built by the Wheeler Survey in 1881, according to Bruce Grubbs, from his book Exploring the Great Basin (see History, above).

Val, Fred and I were sticking together, John was ahead.

Quartzite is resistant to weathering and contains a high amount of silica which doesn't break down much to form soil.  The scant amount of vegetation present seems to find small rock recesses to cling to.

Arriving onto the north spine of the summit block, the winds calm and the trail steepens.   It's just a matter of kicking one foot in front of the other to climb the last spiral path to the summit.  A cobalt-blue Nevada state flag, it's edge frayed from the wind marks this significant point in Nevada.  The flag's phrase "Battle Born" signifies Nevada's entrance into the union during the civil war.  It also illustrates Nevada's state flower with two sagebrush branches.

On Wheeler Peak summit
As usual, John summited first out of our group.  This explains why I don't have as many photos of him.  He is one of the fittest 71-year olds I know!  We had a lot of time to enjoy the summit and talk to other hikers, bask in the sun and sign the summit register, a notepad stashed into a dented and decorated mail box.

We were standing over the other mountains of the Snake Range.  Utah was not far to the east.  The next parallel mountain range to the west separated from us by the Spring Valley basin is the Schell Creek Range, with tempting high points.  We plan to summit North Schell Peak, the range's highest at 11,883 feet.  Hopefully we will get back to Nevada's Basin and Range soon.  So many adventures to do, so little time, as I always like to say.

Post-hike dinner
We celebrated at Kerouac's, a restaurant and bar at Stargazer Inn with exceptional food in the little town of Baker, just outside the entrance to the Great Basin National Park.  The meatballs had a kick to them and were fantastic, their specialty cocktail of the night was a refreshing fresh peach bourbon sour called "Princess Peach".  I highly recommend this place whose website states, "Kerouac's is an homage to life on the American road and to feeling at home in unexpected places."   Obviously they are referring to Jack Kerouac and his legendary novel "On the Road", an account of his road trips across the country in the 1940's.  The roads of the American West lead to all sorts of adventures, and as Kerouac said, "Because in the end you won't remember the time you spent in the office or mowing your lawn."   But you will remember your times spent in nature. 
Keep on exploring!